DA FinaL Test

DA

Conversation Analysis

Proposed by:

Febri Astuti         A 320090 185

Rieka Sugiarti     A 320090 167

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2012

Context

Daily conversation between Febri and Rika on Psychology campus when thepractice of Drama at 20:18 pm when the atmosphere is noisy at Wednesday 28^thMay 2012. They're talking about an assignment for tomorrow at Tuesday 29^th May2012. The speaker’s condition tired but still in a happy situation.

1.      Febri    : Hai // Rika:::

2.      Rika     :        //Hai:::

3.      Febri    : Good NIGHT?

4.      Rika     : Good night too.

5.      Febri    : Oh, How are you toDAY? Oh no-no how are YOU? How are you?

6.      Rika     : I’m fine and YO//u?

7.      Febri    :                            //Em…((Brooding))I’m fine thanks. But a:::How ABOut your assignment for:::toDAY?

8.      Rika     : Um…It’s so difficult((Brooding))//RM Ling, Micro//(0,2)huh//(0,2) oh ye I’m so tired. Hoh:::((Grimming))

9.      Febri    :                                                    //RM Ling.            //Oh         //I’m sorry to hear that:::((Laughing)). Yes it’s SAMe with ME. I must exercise and Try:: to//drama:::YEs AS munchKIN you KNOW? MUNCHKIN//hihihi     

10.  Rika     :            //drama                                                                                  //no-no

11.  Febri    : RIK! Owo..Uh! You are so BAD friend ((Staring))! feBRI ((Screaming))

12.  Febri    : hey. feBRI ((Screaming))

13.  Febri    : heY. hAY Rika good go:::a-a-a:::NO-NO-NO em...see you next TODAY.A::: See you next tomoRROW//TODAY yeah toDAY today today em:::

14.  Rika     :                                                                    //uh                                                 

15.  Rika     : oh YEah see YOU see YOU see You

16.  Febri    : Bye//bye bye:::((Waving))

17.  Rika     :        //Bye bye bye:::((Waving))

1)      Character and characterization

From the conversation it can be inferred Febri is speaker 1 (O1) that Febri is a type ofactive and attentive person because Febri takes the floor immediately after Rika says that’s about all this around conversation. Febri always does the overlap in conversation occurs when Rika is speaker 2 (O2) says “I’m fine and YOu?” (see 6^th) at the same time of Febri’s answer “Em (backchannel)” (see 7^th).

Febri is also a type of tolerant person because she is patient to wait the intended speaker 2 (Rika). This is shown that Rika thinks carefully like the backchannel “Um” (see 8^th) and to Rika may imply that her need of time to think before uttering “It’s so difficult” (see 8^th),do the hesitation (0,2 seconds) “huh”, ”oh ye” (see 8^th).  This can be inferred that Rika as O2 is a type of a passive person because she is talk less to think before giving judgment of her choice.

2)      Aspect of Conversation

a         Turn taking which is the change of speaker during conversation.

The second utterance is a response to the first Febri’s utterance has the form as the greeting to Rika (see 1^st and 2^nd), while Rika’s reply is also in the form of a statement but its functions is as his answer to Febri’s greeting.

See 3^rd “Good night?” is as greeting and see 4^th “good night too” as answer of greeting.

See 7^th “Em…I’m fine thanks. but a:::how about your assignment for...today” as a bit complain to Rika’s question that Febri’s condition is tired.

 See 8 as a bit complain to Febri’s question that Rika’s assignment is still much. Rika’s condition is brooding.

See 9^th is as mocking to Rika and see 10^th is as rejection to Febri’s question.  

See 12^th and 13^th are function response to another person who was called Febri and 13^th is an agreeing to Rika that Febri would see her again tomorrow at Tuesday 29^thMay 2012.

See 15^th, 16^th, 17^th is function as closing of agreeing.

b        Insertion sequence which is a two part sequence that comes between the first and the second parts of another sequence in conversation.

See 6^th contains of answer and insertion of question “and You?”. See 7^th is insertion of question “But, how about your assignment for today?”. See 9^th is insertion of question to “As munchkin you know?”. See 11^th and 12^th are insertion of screaming “Febri?”, it means that Febri must continue to drama exercise as Munchkin.

c         Besides that using the uppercase aims to emphasize utterance intended.

In order to it is important topic such as (3^rd, 5^th, 6^th, 7^th, 9^th, 11^th, 12^th, 13^th, 15^th ) NIGHT, YOu, ABOut, munsKIN, MUNSKIN, KNOW, BAD, FeBRI, HAY, RIK, NO, TODAY, tomoRROW, YEah and RM ling is abbreviation of Research Method of Linguistics. It is not as uppercase.

d        The participants know well the rule of their turn in the conversation because each speaker takes her floor directly and high involvement style which is shown byoverlapping (see 2^nd, 7^th, 9^th, 10^th, 14^th, 17^th) way of taking part in conversation, in this conversation uses a lot of interruption.

e         Backchannels is vocal indications of attention.

 “Em” (see 7^th) it means brooding, the speaker’s condition is sullen and “Um” (see 8^th) it means Rika thinks before judging the utterance “it’s so difficult”. See 8^th“Huh, Oh ye, Hoh” it means griming.

See 11^th “Uh” it means annoying. See 13^th “Em” it means correct of the mistake. See 14^th and 15^th “Uh, Oh” it means agreeing.

f.       Adjacency pair is a sequence of two utterances by different speakers in conversation.

That conversation contains question and answer. One of the multiple functions can be combined in one (see 16^th) “bye”. In the following excerpt it can be seen that “bye” (see 17^th) serves as both a topic closing and as a declaration of intent to closing conversation.

g.      Overlapping (see 2^nd, 7^th, 9^th, 10^th, 14^th, 17^th) which is revealed speaker’s type, that is active or passive.

h.      Bracket, the function to enclose non verbal language. See 7^th, 8^th, 9^th, 11^th, 12^th, 16^th, 17^th.

i.        Lengthening is as style in conversation, it can be shown by the length vocal. The example in 1^st, 2^nd, 7^th, 8^th, 9^th, 13^th, 16^th, 17^th.

j.        Short hesitation, the function to get attention to other speaker. In 8^th, and 13^th.

3)      Structural of Conversation

The conversation consists of question and answer. The structural can be explained as follows:

1.      Question (Greeting)

2.      Answer

3.      Question (Greeting)

4.      Answer

5.      Question (Greeting)

6.      Answer

Question (Insertion sequence)

7.      Answer (Brooding)

Question (Insertion sequence)

8.      Answer (Brooding)

9.      Answer (Laughing)

Question (Insertion sequence)

10.  Answer (Kidding)

11.  Answer (Staring)

Screaming (Insertion sequence)

12.  Answer

Screaming (Insertion sequence)

13.  Agreeing (Closing)

14.  Agreeing (Response)

15.  Answer (Closing)

16.  Question (Closing)

17.  Answer (Closing)

Discourse assignment 2

Discourse assignment 2

• 1.           An article in Campus magazine entitled “Publics Participation For Education” by Miftakhul Khoiri presents the first school Taman Siswa built by Ki Hajar Dewantara.

In the sentence 1 “An article” replace of “Public Participation for Education” is called substitution of noun. In sentence 1 before “Present” is ellipsis. Before “present” should be “that” to emphasize of who is the present of the first school Taman Siswa. In sentence 1 “Taman Siswa” and “Ki Hajar Dewantara” is collocation (lexical cohesion). Repetition of “by”. “First” is temporal conjunction to show the events in the text (sentence 1).

• 2.           Education paradigm is growing in Indonesia to fulfill the sprit of education these days.

In sentence 2 “Education paradigm” replace “Indonesia” called substitution of noun. In sentence 2 “These” as replacement of the day where education paradigm is growing called comparative reference.

• 3.           Citizens should get competent education.

In sentence 3 “Component education” as clausal ellipsis that presents the component education what.

• 4.           Education is responsibility by government and the side of private sector individual and group.

Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 4).

• 5.           Because of limited cost, the government opens the opportunity for public to participate and develop business education such as; building opening schools, courses, or skill education with facilities more complete and better than government schools.

In this type “Because of” of conjunction, the relationship is one of cause and consequence and it can be called hypotactic conjunction.  In sentence 5 “Cost” is ellipsis from cost of education. Here “And”, “or” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction. Collocation of “school”, “course”, “education” (sentence 5).

• 6.           Supported by complete and good facilities make this school rather expensive because it also promises the good management on its education.

“Supported” is meant to what the supported is pointed. The pointed of business education, it is called demonstrative reverence. “This” changes of the business education in sentence 5 which complete and good facilities. “It” replace by “complete and good facilities” called substitution of noun. In sentence 6 “its” changes of develop business education in sentence 5 called substitution of verb. In this type “because” is hypotactic conjunction which is relation one of cause and consequence (sentence 6). Repetition of “good” (sentence 6)

• 7.           Indonesia has pesantren as education system (Islamic boarding house models).

The “pesantren” is synonymy with “education system” (sentence 7).

• 8.           It is classified into two models: First Traditional, it does not collect the payment from the students and students can stay and study freely.

“It” replace by “education system” in sentence 7 called anaphoric references which pesantren. “First” is temporal conjunction to show event in the text. Here “and” is called additive conjunction which indicates the payment from students and students can stay “And” is called additive conjunction which indicates students can stay and study freely (sentence 8).

• 9.           They study about Islamic science for the sake of individual and public.

“They” is anaphoric reference referring to the students. Here “and” is additive conjunction which indicates individual and public (sentence 9).

• 10.        The traditional pesantren still be one choice by our society under class social.

“One choice” replace by “the traditional pesantren” in sentence 7 called substitution of noun (sentence 10).

• 11.        Second, Modern pesantren collects the payment of the students because it gives more ability and knowledge for students.

“Second” is called temporal conjunction to show the events in the text. In this type “because” is hypotactic conjunction which relation one of cause and consequence. It” replace by “modern pesantren” called anaphoric reference which pesantren. Here “And” signals the presentation of additional called additive conjunction (sentence 11).

• 12.        They do not only study about Islam but also other sciences like Biology, Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Language and Art.

“Science” consisting of Bology, Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Language and Art, is called general word reiteration. “They” is anaphoric reference referring to the students. “But” is contradiction conjunction. “And” is additive conjunction (sentence 12).

• 13.        They are prepared to face the era that always changes.

“They” is anaphoric reference referring to other sciences which emphasize to the backward (sentence 13). “That” is anaphoric reference referring to the era (sentence 13).

• 14.        Without being realized, the friction could happen from motivation of organizer and management of existing education.

“Without” is ellipsis which emphasize to the change of the era (sentence 14). “Organizer” is ellipsis which emphasize to organizer of pesantren. Here “and” is additive conjunction which indicates motivation of organizer and management of existing education.

• 15.        To get the good education with their equipment of facility they perform forced the citizen get dealing with power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man children.

“Their” is anaphoric reference. “They” is anaphoric reference. Here “and” is additive conjunction which indicates power of bargain and the reality of expensive school. “and” is additional conjunction which indicates the reality of expensive school and rich man children. “That” is hypotactic conjunction which explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing (sentence 15).

• 16.        Poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.

“Poor” is antonym with rich. “They” is anaphoric reference referring to poor people to power of bargaining. “Their” is anaphoric reference referring to poor people education (sentence 16).

• 17.        Government and private sector individually and group have big homework to repair their education inspect that aims on making organization of education.

Here “And” is additive conjunction which indicates government and private sector. “That” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction. “And” is additive conjunction which indicates sector individually and group. “Their” is anaphoric reference referring to poor people (sentence 17).

• 18.        I agree with the writer who says that about publics participation for education is important.

“That” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction. “That” it meant of the writer in the zero ellipsis. “I” is anaphoric reference referring to Fitri Nurwiyanti. “The writer” is synonymy with Miftkhul Khoiri (sentence 18).

• 19.        He says that the education not only managed by government, but also the society who has contribution to build education together, about how they create good education, both the facilities, system and soon.

“He” is anaphoric reference referring to Miftakhul Khoiri. “but” is contradiction conjunction. “That” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can be called be hypotactic conjunction. “They” is anaphoric reference referring to government and society. “Both” …..”And” is elliptical conjunction (sentence 19).

• 20.        The government should think that all the society level can enjoy education reasonably.

“That” is introductory clause which explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing (sentence 20).

• 21.        Moreover, to get good education with equipment of facility they perform to force the citizen get the power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man’s children.

“Moreover” is causative conjunction. “They” is anaphoric reference referring to government and private sector. “Get” is repetition. “And” is additional conjunction which indicates the power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school. “And” is additional conjunction which indicates the reality of expensive school and rich man children (sentence 21).

• 22.        I think that the middle society should optimalize brilliant brain to be able to compete with others.

“I” is anaphoric reference referring to Fitri Nurwiyanti. “Others” is substitute with other people (sentence 22).

• 23.        The writer says that the poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.

“The writer” is synonymy with Miftakhul Khoiri. “They” is anaphoric reference referring t the poor people. “Their” is anaphoric reference referring to poor people education. “That” is hyphotactic conjunction which explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing (sentence 23).

• 24.        I think that this statement is true.

“That” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction. “I” is anaphoric reference referring to Fitri Nurwiyanti. “True” it points to true statement, so it is ellipsis. “this” is anaphoric reference referring to the statement that the poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education (sentence 24).

• 25.        The government and the private school should really provide scholarship for the students who have competence to enjoy education.

Here “and” is additional conjunction which indicates the government and the private school. “Enjoy education” is ellipsis from enjoy education in Indonesia this day (sentence 25).

Discourse assignment I

Discourse assignment I

Name: Rieka Sugiarti

Class: E

1. What is the discourse study?

From the third paragraph, I get the conclusion what the discourse study is. Discourse study is the interpretation about spoken, written texts, and signed languages. In discourse also involving about verbal and non verbal materials. Discourse study is closed with the text form and it is more than the meaning from the written or spoken texts but involving communicative event.  Discourse study is related with the humanities and social sciences.  So, discourse study is analyze all about the spoken or written from the people involving text form, grammar, coherent in each sentence, the meaning from individual and how the situational when a texts is analyzed. Discourse study also studies the text forming devices.

.2.   Wednesday, March 21, 2012 07:26 AM

        JAKARTA

Surakarta residents disappointed by Jokowi’s Jakarta bid

Kusumasari Ayuningtyas, the Jakarta Post, Surakarta | Tue, 03/20/2012 4:31 PM

Jokowi: Surakarta mayor and Jakarta governor candidate. (Kompas.com)

1.      Some Surakarta residents are voicing their disappointment with Mayor Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s decision to run for Jakarta governor.

“Their” is third person deixis referring to Surakarta resident (sentence 1).

2.      “I am one of those who object to his decision to leave Surakarta for Jakarta,” Mayor Haristanto, a resident, said on Tuesday.

“I” is first person deixis referring to haristanto. “On Tuesday” is temporal Deixis (sentence 2).

3.      Mayor (that is his name and not a title) said that he had organized events to prevent Jokowi from leaving the city, including collecting signatures on a petition demanding that Jokowi to stay in Surakarta.

“His” is third person deixis and “he” is first person deixis referring mayor mysterious. “That” is spatial deixis distal distance. “In Surakarta” is spatial deixis which hometown mayor Jokowi (sentence 3).

4.      “He has just served two years of his term. Jokowi still has to serve Surakarta’s residents for three more years,” Mayor said.

“He” is first person deixis and “his” is third person deixis referring mayor mysterious. “For three more years” is Temporal deixis referring 2015 (sentence 4).

5.      Meanwhile, another resident, Sumartono Hadinoto, said that he was proud that Jokowi, a native Surakartan, had been trusted to run for the prestigious post.

“Meanwhile” is anaphoric conjunction plant another resident that is still pending. “He” is first person deixis referring Sumartono (sentence 5).

6.      However, Sumartono lamented Jokowi’s decision to leave for Jakarta. “Surakarta still needs Jokowi. There are many things that Jokowi and [deputy mayor] FX Hadi Rudyatmo can still give to Surakarta’s residents,” he said.

“Jakarta” is spatial deixis which point of departure Jokowi. “There” is distal distance. “He” is first person referring Sumartono (sentence 6)

7.      Jokowi and his running mate, former East Belitung regent Basuki ‘Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama, registered their camapign at the Jakarta General Election Commission (KPUD).

“His” is first person deixis referring wife Jokowi. “Their” is third person referring mayor Jokowi and East Belitung regent Basuki. “At the Jakarta” is spatial setting which which places a general election candidate for governor Jakarta (sentence 7).

8.      The pair is backed by the Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the Great Indonesia Movement (Gerindra) Party and 24 smaller parties.

Repetition of “by” (sentence 8).

9.      If election officials approve his bid, Jokowi will have to temporarily leave Surakarta to live in Jakarta during the campaign.

“His” is third person deixis which to offer to be a candidate for Jakarta governor. “In Jakarta during the campaign” which Jokowi residence during the election campaign for governor (sentence 9).

10.  Jokowi has enacted several popular decisions as Surakarta’s mayor, including the incident-free relocation of street vendors from a high-end area and the development of the Balekambang slum into a city park.

Here “and” is additional conjunction which indicates a high-end area and the development of the Balekambang (sentence 10).

11.  The mayor also introduced Gladag Langen Bogan (Galabo) in 2008, a popular outdoor culinary festival held on weekend nights and proposed “one-hour service” for residents seeking ID cards.

“The mayor” is relational deictic. “In 2008” is temporal deixis in which year it is a popular culinary festival (sentence 11).

12.  “In Surakarta, underprivileged residents can see their rights fulfilled,” Akbarudin Arif, director of the Surakarta-based Consortium for the Monitoring and Empowerment of Public Institutions, said.

“Their” is third person deixis referring underprivileged residents (sentence 12).

13.  Separately, Deputy Mayor FX Hadi Rudyatmo declined to comment on Jokowi’s decision, saying the mayor’s decision was consistent with his position as a PDI-P member.

“His” is third person deixis referring Deputy Mayor (sentence 13).

14.  “As a member, he has to be ready to be assigned anywhere, any time,” Rudy said.

“He” is first person deixis referring mayor Jokowi (sentence 14).